What Is Title Case?
October 26, 2026
Title case capitalizes the main words of a title and lowercases small words such as articles and short prepositions. Here is how it works and when to use it.
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Practical guides to capitalization, title case and naming conventions for writing and code.
Sentence Case vs Title Case
October 26, 2026
Sentence case capitalizes only the first word and proper nouns, title case capitalizes main words. Learn the differences and which style fits your text.
Title Case Rules: APA, AP, Chicago and MLA
October 26, 2026
A clear comparison of title capitalization in APA, AP, Chicago (18th edition) and MLA: which words are capitalized, which stay lowercase and why they differ.
camelCase, PascalCase and snake_case Compared
October 26, 2026
What camelCase, PascalCase, snake_case, kebab-case and CONSTANT_CASE are, where each is used and how to pick one for variables, files and databases.
Kebab-Case and URL Slugs
October 26, 2026
Why web addresses use lowercase words joined by hyphens, how to turn a title into a slug and what to do with accents, numbers and stop words.
Naming Conventions in Programming Languages
October 26, 2026
Which case each major language expects for variables, functions, classes and constants, from Python's PEP 8 to Java, Rust, Go and JavaScript.
CONSTANT_CASE and Environment Variables
October 26, 2026
Why constants and environment variables are written in capital letters with underscores, which rules apply on Linux, macOS and Windows and common pitfalls.
All Caps Text: Readability and Shouting
October 26, 2026
Why text in ALL CAPS is harder to read, why it feels like shouting online, when capitals are useful and how to switch to lowercase or sentence case.
How to Fix Text Typed With Caps Lock On
October 26, 2026
Typed a whole paragraph with Caps Lock on? Here is how to fix it quickly in a converter, in Word, in Google Docs and on Windows and Mac.
Capitalization Rules in English
October 26, 2026
The main rules for capital letters in English: sentences, proper nouns, titles, days and months, seasons, I, quotations and the cases people get wrong.
Headline Capitalization for Blogs and SEO
October 26, 2026
Does title case or sentence case help search rankings or clicks? What Google says, how titles are displayed and how to pick one style for your site.
Capitalizing Names and Surnames
October 26, 2026
Why simple title case breaks names like McDonald, O'Brien, de la Cruz and van der Berg, and how to handle prefixes, hyphens and special cases.
Alternating Case and Inverse Case
October 26, 2026
What aLtErNaTiNg case and iNVERSE case do, where they come from, how the converter handles spaces and symbols, and why they are not for serious text.
Uppercase and Lowercase in Unicode
October 26, 2026
Why changing case is not a simple letter swap: German ß, Turkish dotted i, Greek final sigma, ligatures and scripts without case explained.
Capitalization in German, French, Spanish and More
October 26, 2026
How capitalization differs from English: German nouns, French and Spanish days and months, titles in sentence style, accents on capitals and the Dutch IJ.
Case Sensitivity in Passwords, URLs and Emails
October 26, 2026
Where capital letters matter and where they do not: passwords, usernames, domain names, URL paths, email addresses, file names and databases.
UPPER, LOWER and PROPER in Excel and Google Sheets
October 26, 2026
How to change text case in Excel and Google Sheets with UPPER, LOWER and PROPER, what goes wrong with names and apostrophes, and better alternatives.
Change Case in Word and Google Docs
October 26, 2026
How to change case in Microsoft Word, Google Docs, Pages, LibreOffice and code editors, with shortcuts, and why All Caps formatting differs from real capitals.
Case Conversion in JavaScript, Python and SQL
October 26, 2026
How to convert case in JavaScript, Python, SQL and other languages: upper, lower, title, swap and casefold, plus locale traps like the Turkish i.
Cleaning and Normalizing Text Data
October 26, 2026
How to clean text data before analysis: case folding, trimming, Unicode normalization, deduplication and when not to change capitalization.